Disclosed is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and in particular MSCs pretreated with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) or analogs and fragments of PACAP, for results of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, and for the improvement of affective and cognitive function in a normal individual or in an individual suffering from a neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disease.
