Vitamin B-12 deficiency is present in up to 15% of the elderly population as documented by elevated methylmalonic acid with or without elevated total homocysteine concentrations in combination with low or low-normal vitamin B-12 concentrations. Clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency are insensitive in elderly subjects and comorbidity in these subjects makes responses to difficult to interpret. Many elderly subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia have undiagnosed vitamin B-12 deficiency with elevated serum methylmalonic acid concentrations. Therefore, such elderly subjects should not receive folic acid supplementation before their vitamin B-12 status is diagnosed. Oral vitamin B-12 supplementation may be effective in lowering serum methylmalonic acid values in the elderly. However, the dose of vitamin B-12 in most common multivitamin preparations is too low for this purpose. Research efforts should be directed toward determining practical methods for diagnosing and treating vitamin B-12 deficiency in the millions of elderly subjects with undiagnosed deficiency.
How Stem Cell Therapy Rejuvenates Hair Follicles and Promotes Growth
Hair thinning and hair loss often happen when follicles are no longer functioning at their best. Some follicles may slow
